Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) ASCP Practice Exam

Which symptoms are associated with nephrotic syndrome?

1. Increased albumin, decreased proteinuria, hypertension

2. Edema, decreased protein, high serum albumin

3. Increased proteinuria, decreased serum albumin, edema

4. Decreased proteinuria, increased albumin, fluid retention

The correct answer is: Increased proteinuria, decreased serum albumin, edema

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by specific symptoms that arise due to increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys. One of the hallmark features of nephrotic syndrome is significant proteinuria, which is the excess protein in the urine. This condition results from the kidneys failing to properly filter blood, leading to protein leakage into the urine. Additionally, decreased serum albumin levels are indicative of nephrotic syndrome. This occurs because the loss of albumin in the urine decreases its concentration in the bloodstream, contributing to the development of edema. The body retains fluid due to the low oncotic pressure caused by hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), leading to swelling in various parts, particularly in the legs, abdomen, and around the eyes. This triad of increased proteinuria, decreased serum albumin (hypoalbuminemia), and edema aligns perfectly with the established criteria for nephrotic syndrome. Hence, the combination of these symptoms makes this response the most representative of the condition. The other possibilities do not accurately reflect the clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome. For example, a mention of high serum albumin contradicts the definition, as nephrotic syndrome fundamentally involves low serum albumin levels. Similarly,