Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) ASCP Practice Exam

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by a range of clinical symptoms that primarily arise from significant kidney dysfunction, leading to proteinuria (the presence of excess protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and edema (swelling).

Weight gain from fluid retention is a hallmark symptom of nephrotic syndrome. This occurs because the loss of protein in the urine results in low blood protein levels, which decreases oncotic pressure. Consequently, fluid shifts out of the vascular space into the interstitial tissues, causing edema in various parts of the body, such as the legs, abdomen, and face. This edema can lead patients to experience noticeable weight gain, even though they may not be gaining body fat.

In contrast, severe abdominal cramps, fatigue, and weight loss can occur for various reasons but are not specific indicators of nephrotic syndrome. Abdominal cramps may be associated with other conditions or complications but do not directly result from nephrotic syndrome itself. Fatigue might be a common symptom in many chronic illnesses, including kidney-related issues, but it is not definitive of nephrotic syndrome. Similarly, weight loss can result from several factors, including malnutrition or underlying disease processes, rather than being a direct